The Trafigura affair goes far beyond the Swiss court: it tells the story of how Angola, an oil-dependent country, was trapped by decades of contractual opacity. Behind the €4.3 million in bribes and the networks of intermediaries lies a broader mechanism: imported fuel at inflated prices, unsustainable subsidies, and a population caught between rents and austerity.
Energy sovereignty will not come from a slogan, but from transparency: publication of contracts, identification of intermediaries, and real competition between operators. Without this, scandals will be repeated and economic reforms will continue to spark anger and mistrust.
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